Alpine began as a stage stop for the mines in the Cuyamaca Mountains. Drivers hauling supplies to the mines and delivering gold to San Diego stopped to rest and change horses before continuing up the rough trail to the Cuyamacas or down the hazardous trails to the coast. Although the stage stop was only a barn and small store, there was an abundant supply of fresh water from the spring in front of the store. Alpine's population gradually increased as the miners spread stories about the area's scenic beauty and fresh water. Benjamin R. Arnold, seeking a place to cure his asthma, arrived in Alpine in 1887. His health improved in Alpine and he built the family home in what is today the town center. He built the first hotel for people coming to the mountains to improve their health.

He helped build the Town Hall, now Alpine Woman's Club and still used for community events and activities. Arnold spearheaded a stage line and road improvements so regular stagecoach services could run down the mountain to meet the train in Lakeside and haul people and supplies back to the community.

Alpine gained worldwide publicity during World War I, when a U.S. Government survey declared Alpine's climate the most equable in the nation. "Best Climate in the U.S.A. by Government Report" became the town slogan. Today residents of Alpine continue to enjoy the scenic beauty, great climate, and small town village atmosphere.